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Lymphocytes are the most common agranulocytes and account for about 30% of the total blood leukocytes. Note the capsule with several trabeculae projecting into the substance of the spleen. These receptors contain only sensory (afferent, Ib) nerve fibers, and they monitor muscle tension (or the force of contraction) within an optimal range. A summary of major characteristics of all three muscle types is provided in the table below. This cytokine stimulates the macrophage to transform into classically activated (M1) macrophage to destroy the bacteria inside its phagosomes. Electron micrograph of the apical portion of two adjoining epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa, showing the junctional complex. The lamellae are arranged in concentric layers between layers of smooth muscle cells. Monocytes also contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and small mitochondria. The great saphenous vein represents a long subcutaneous vein of the lower limb that originates in the foot and drains into the femoral vein just below the inguinal ligament. These proteoglycans do not form aggregates but bind to other molecules and help stabilize the matrix. This photomicrograph shows a section through the wall of a human portal vein in a routine H&E preparation. In this condition, capillary pressure can decrease and greatly increase absorption of tissue fluid. The cardiac muscle fiber consists of an end-to-end alignment of individual cells (cardiac myocyte); in contrast, the skeletal muscle fiber is a single multinucleated protoplasmic unit. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes rom nearby vessels in ltrate the endometrium. Rarely, endometriosis may develop spontaneously within the perineum or perianal region (Watanabe, 2003). Demographic predictors o increased risk during the perimenopause are lower educational status, A rican-American ethnicity, unemployment, and major li e stressors (Bromberger, 2001; Freeman, 2006; Maartens, 2002). Late in fetal development, the multipotential myogenic stem cell population generates satellite cells, which are characterized by the expression of paired box transcription factor family member Pax7. Dividing lymphocytes are shown at slightly higher magnification in the inset (arrows), which corresponds to the area in the circle in this figure. The Ovary Ovarian Morphology the adult human ovary is oval with a length o 2 to 5 cm, a width o 1. Many of the cells of the growing hair follicle contain pigment that contributes to the color of the hair. This layer separates the hydrophobic contents of the lipid droplet from the hydrophilic cytoplasmic matrix. During fetal life, both erythrocytes and leukocytes are formed in several organs before the differentiation of the bone marrow. The cells producing this partially mineralized organic matrix are called secretory-stage ameloblasts. The autonomic part of the nervous system regulates the function of internal organs. Regulatory (suppressor) T cells represent a phenotypically diverse population of T lymphocytes that can functionally suppress an immune response to foreign and self-antigen by influencing the activity of other cells in the immune system. Calci cation and cystic degeneration create the most sonographically distinctive changes. With inherited or acquired out ow obstruction, accumulation o blood behind the blockage requently results in cyclic abdominal pain. The tunica adventitia is composed of collagen fibrils and several layers of fibroblasts (F) with extremely attenuated processes. The tunica media contains a relatively thin layer of circularly arranged smooth muscle cells. They usually run at approximately right angles to the long axis of the osteons and of the bone.

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Several more proteins are associated with the contractile apparatus and are essential to initiation or regulation of the smooth muscle contractions. Implantation Window the embryo enters the uterine cavity 2 to 3 days a ter ertilization with implantation beginning approximately 4 days later. Patients are counseled that many women have assault experiences, that most are a raid to con de these, that memories o the experience can be pain ul, and that a ear o uture assaults is a reasonable ear. The deep trench surrounding the circumvallate papillae and the presence of taste buds on the sides rather than on the free surface are features that distinguish circumvallate from fungiform papillae. B ast Mass o Inf ction Breast lump complaints in an adolescent o ten re ect brocystic changes. Note that the nuclei of the smooth muscle cells in the longitudinally sectioned bundles are all elongate; in contrast, the nuclei in the cross-sectioned smooth muscle bundles appear as circular profiles. They are present in a wide variety of tissues, including epithelia, smooth and cardiac muscle, and nerves. Epithelioid organization is typical of most endocrine glands; examples of such tissue include the interstitial cells of Leydig in the testis (Plate 3, page 154), the lutein cells of the ovary, the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, the parenchyma of the adrenal gland, and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The resting concentration of Ca2 is restored in the cytosol in less than 30 milliseconds. Mutations in several o these genes have been described in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea. Depolarization of the plasma membrane causes voltage-gated Ca2 channels in neuroepithelial cells to open. Specific hormones such as erythropoietin or thrombopoietin, discussed in a previous section, regulate erythrocyte and thrombocyte development, respectively. These include the transverse components (fascia adherens and maculae adherentes) and lateral components (gap junctions and maculae adherentes). Although the most generally applicable model, the Gail model is insu cient when there is a strong amily history o breast cancer, male breast cancer, or ovarian cancer (Euhus, 2002). The most common o these, in descending order, are the contralateral breast, sarcoma, melanoma, serous epithelial ovarian cancer, and lung cancer (DeLair, 2013). If the plane of section is parallel to the surface of the epidermis and passes at a level that includes the dermal papillae, however, the epidermal tissue appears as a continuous sheet of epithelium, containing circular islands of connective tissue within it. Note the distribution of cellular components in all three tunics and the locations of external and internal elastic membranes. However, the most abundant cell component, whose presence characterizes diffuse lymphatic tissue, is the lymphocyte, which can be identified by its small, round, dark-staining nucleus. The proteins localized in the region of the zonula occludens are summarized in Table 5. Pain with leg elevation may be seen with lumbar disc, hip joint, or myo ascial pain syndromes. Another common cause of damage to articular cartilages is the deposition of crystals of uric acid in the joints, particularly those of the toes and fingers. Sodium ions and hydrogen protons, which are responsible for salty and sour taste, respectively, act directly on ion channels. Brown adipose tissue, a key thermogenic tissue, is Insulin, the pancreatic hormone that regulates blood glucose levels, is also involved in regulation of adipose tissue metabolism. But, as noted by the American Society or Reproductive Medicine (2013), although peritoneal instillates and barriers may reduce postoperative adhesions, this has not translated clinically into improved pain, ertility, or bowel obstruction rates. Fibroadenomas classi ed as benign concordant by the triple test can be sa ely ollowed without excision. In this schematic diagram of a muscular artery, the cellular and extracellular components are labeled. The stacks of erythrocytes in these preparations are not unusual and are referred to as rouleau. In preparations such as this, the lipid content is lost during preparation and recognition of the cell is based on a clear or unstained round space. Endothelium and mesothelium are the simple squamous epithelia lining the vascular system and body cavities.

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The Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system is cumbersome and thus is not used requently in clinical settings. Serum Hormone Levels As suggested by the American Society or Reproductive Medicine (2008), it may be more reasonable to begin with hormonal evaluation in any woman ound to have a normal pelvic examination (Table 16-7). In hypocellular bone marrow, which occurs in aplastic anemia or after chemotherapy, only a small number of bloodforming cells can be found in a marrow biopsy. Each cell is separated by a narrow space containing external (basal) lamina and an extremely attenuated process of a fibroblast. For example, noncontrasted renal colic C has largely replaced conventional intravenous pyelography to search or ureteral obstruction. Progesterone is critical or the conversion o the unctionalis layer rom a proli erative to a secretory pattern. The crescent-shaped white area near the root of the nail, the lunula, derives its color from the thick, opaque layer of partially keratinized matrix cells in this region. Once li e-threatening injuries are excluded, a patient is ideally moved to a quiet, private setting or urther evaluation. At a slightly later time, a similar epiphyseal ossification center will form at the distal end of the bone. Nodularity is highly suggestive o endometriosis, and palpation may reproduce dyspareunia symptoms. Note that the astrocytes and their processes interact with the blood vessels as well as with axons and dendrites. Newly differentiated plasma cells migrate to the medulla, where they release antibodies into the lymph leaving the node. These are small cells with relatively little cytoplasm, thus the nuclei appear close to one another. Fibrillin-1 (350 kDa) is a glycoprotein that forms fine microfibrils measuring 10 to 12 nm in diameter. Cells residing within niches in various tissues and organs (excluding bone marrow) are called tissue stem cells. Myo ascial tenderness involving the puborectalis and coccygeus muscles can be noted by sweeping the index nger with pressure across these muscles. The risk o malignancy is low, although rupture, intracystic hemorrhage, visceral compression, and torsion ollowed by autoamputation o the ovary or adnexa may be uncommon complications. Recent experiments indicate that claudin-16 functions as an aqueous Mg2 channel between specific kidney epithelial cells. Acquired Disorders Cervical Stenosis Other abnormalities o the uterus that cause amenorrhea include cervical stenosis and extensive intrauterine adhesions. The importance o estrogens or endometrial development is demonstrated by the predominance o endometrial hyperplasia seen in women receiving unopposed estrogen therapy. A ter ablation, 70 to 80 percent o women experience signi cantly decreased ow, and 15 to 35 percent o these develop amenorrhea (Sharp, 2006). Osteoprogenitor cells and bone-lining cells are difficult to distinguish at the microscopic level. Simultaneously, macrophages are activated by the interaction with several molecules produced by neutrophils and invading microorganisms. They are flexible, have a high tensile strength, and are formed from collagen fibrils that exhibit a characteristic 68-nm banding pattern. Nevertheless, their measurement may be useul in screening tests or conditions such as pituitary adenomas and pregnancy. Electron micrograph showing the end-to-end apposition of two cardiac muscle cells. Symptoms Pituitary adenomas may cause symptoms via excess hormone secretion and lead to clinical conditions such as hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, or Cushing disease. The cartilage matrix is compressed to form linear bands between the columns of hypertrophied cartilage cells. Specialized contacts between neurons that provide for transmission of information from one neuron to the next are called synapses. Unopposed estrogen stimulation of the endometrium may lead to endometrial hyperplasia.

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Acne One part o acne treatment is similar to that or hirsutism and involves lowering o androgen levels. On gross examination, the uterus is o ten globally enlarged, but this rarely exceeds that o a 12-week pregnancy. They promote a transition to biennial screening at age 55, although yearly screening may be elected (Oe nger, 2015). Vascular smooth muscle cells synthesize the collagen, elastin, and other molecules of the extracellular matrix. These latter two tests are associated with signi cantly higher radiation exposure. Individual endothelial cells are joined by tight junctions that restrict passage of molecules from the lumen into underlying tissue. When examined in cross-section at higher magnification, the rods reveal a keyhole shape. Vomiting complaints, however, are less in ormative, although the temporal relationship o vomiting to the pain may be help ul. Its molecules are noncovalently bound to the long molecule of hyaluronan (like bristles to the backbone in a bottle brush); this binding is facilitated by linking proteins. Forms include hyaline, calci c, cystic, myxoid, red, and atty, and these gross changes should be recognized as normal variants. Serous membrane, also called serosa, lines the peritoneal, pericardial, and pleural cavities. In turn, elevated androstenedione levels contribute to an increase in estrone levels through peripheral conversion o androgens to estrogens by aromatase. The decision to pursue this pelvic examination in geriatric and pediatric patients is based on clinical in ormation. O these, Jeong and coworkers (2004) noted decreased bleeding in 87 percent o patients ollowing endometrial ablation. The degree of mineralization is reflected by the shade of light and dark in the microradiograph. The nodules originate in the lamina propria and extend into the submucosa of the ileum. The ground substance, however, is abundant; in fact, it occupies more volume than the fibers do. The mitotic (proliferative) phase in granulopoiesis lasts about a week and stops at the late myelocyte stage. The marrow cavity then enlarges by resorption of bone on the endosteal surface of the cortex of the bone. This Mallory-stained specimen shows a spicule made of calcified cartilage (stained light blue) and a covering of bone tissue (stained dark blue). Coordinated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and the controlled formation and dismantling of focal adhesions contractile forces or mechanical changes in the extracellular matrix and convert them into biochemical signals. Cells undergoing apoptosis show the following characteristic morphologic and biochemical features. This photomicrograph shows several macrophages (M) in the connective tissue from the area of wound healing. These other neurons may influence the membrane of the presynaptic neuron or the postsynaptic neuron and facilitate or inhibit the transmission of impulses. The dermis at this stage shows little change during the repair process but will ultimately reestablish itself to form a continuous layer. Once the mesaxon spirals on itself, the 12- to 14-nm gaps disappear and the membranes form the compact myelin sheath. J Clin Psychiatry 69(4):644, 2008 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Results rom the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: mental health ndings. In some planes of section, the "lobular" arrangement of the cortical cap and medullary tissue superficially resembles a lymphatic nodule with a germinal center, which often confuses students. T us, one advantage is that they are Endothe lia l ce lls taken only during menstruation. Adipocytes actively synthesize and secrete adipokines, a group of biologically active substances, which include hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. J Forensic Sci 28(3):572, 1983 Dennerstein L, Dudley E, Burger H: Are changes in sexual unctioning during midli e due to aging or menopause Br J Psychiatry 184:470, 2004 Dickson P: Understanding victims o honour-based violence.

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Type I epithelioreticular cells with their occluding junctions provide further protection to the developing T cells. Sonography is a principal diagnostic tool, and imaging shows a smooth, symmetric hypoechoic enlargement o the uterine cavity. The cells resemble fibroblasts in form and function, producing the collagen component of the perichondrium (type I collagen). Because of this arrangement, it is hard to define individual cells at this magnification. The zona asciculata and zona reticularis, both o which express the 17 -hydroxylase gene, synthesize glucocorticoids and androgens, respectively. Moreover, disease involving ureter, bowel, or other extrapelvic sites is not scored (Adamson, 2013). The upper, ballooned part of the rod, called the head, is oriented superiorly, and the lower part of the rod, called the tail, is directed inferiorly. The sympathetic presynaptic fibers that supply the heart originate in the lateral horns at the level of the T1 to T6 segments of the spinal cord. These papillae do not possess taste buds and are composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. Criteria or diagnosing nerve entrapment are clinical and include: (1) pain aggravated by patient movement or light skin pinching over the a ected area and (2) pain improvement ollowing local anesthetic injection. Immature Schwann cells that associate with large-diameter axons mature into myelinating Schwann cells, while those that associate with small-diameter axons mature into nonmyelinating cells. Note that only a few cell nuclei are present relative to the larger expanse of collagen fibers. The separation at the cleavage furrow is achieved by a contractile ring consisting of a very thin array of actin filaments positioned around the perimeter of the cell. For example, adenomyosis develops during the reproductive years and regresses a ter menopause. Coloration of the hair is attributable to the content and type of melanin that the hair contains. Large numbers of erythrocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, plasma cells, and granulocytes reside within the reticular meshwork of splenic cords. Members of this family consist of antiapoptotic and proapoptotic members that determine the life or death of a cell. Typically, the cancer cells arise from the follicular bulge of the external root sheath of the hair follicle. It reappears during wound healing and is also found within musculotendinous junctions and malignant tumors. The ballooned, thin walls o the elongated tube are translucent, and the tube is typically distended with a clear serous uid. However, it continues from the secretory portion of the gland in a relatively straight path to empty into the follicle canal. For example, cell death mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes combines some aspects of both necrosis and apoptosis. The keratinocytes in this figure reflect different stages in the life cycle of the cell as it passes from the basal layer to the skin surface, where it becomes desquamated. Food poisoning symptoms are characterized by intense abdominal pain and diarrhea that begins 8 to 22 hours after eating foods contaminated by these bacteria. Finally, the fascicles and groups of fascicles are surrounded by dense irregular connective tissue, the epitendineum. Red blood cells are entrapped in a loose mesh of fibrin fibers that are extensively cross-linked to form an impermeable hemostatic plug that prevents movement of cells and fluids from the lumen of the injured vessel. The postsynaptic membrane of the dendrite is frequently characterized by a postsynaptic density and contains receptors with an affinity for the neurotransmitters. When macrophages encounter large foreign bodies, they may fuse to form a large cell with as many as 100 nuclei that engulfs the foreign body. Hysterectomy can be per ormed vaginally, abdominally, or laparoscopically depending on patient and uterine actors. Hum Reprod 28(8):2284, 2013 Dan H, Limin F: Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy versus enestration/coagulation or laser vaporization or the treatment o endometriomas: a meta-analysis o randomized controlled trials.

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In early menopausal transition, investigators ound ew changes in sexual practices or unction (Cain, 2003). These connective tissues are characterized by the specialized nature of their extracellular matrix. They may be ound prenatally during maternal sonographic evaluation or during prepubertal years and adolescence. Its incidence displays a bimodal distribution that peaks in the neonatal period and in children older than 10 years. Because of their thin walls and close physical association with metabolically active cells and tissues, capillaries are particularly well suited for the exchange of gases and metabolites between cells and the bloodstream. In a study o more than 2700 women, menstrual cycle intervals were ound to be most irregular in the 2 years ollowing menarche and the 3 years preceding menopause (reloar, 1967). Some studies, but not all, have ound a positive correlation between degree o pelvic organ prolapse and dyspareunia (Burrows, 2004; Ellerkmann, 2001). This figure also shows that the duct consists of two layers of small cuboidal cells. Almost 40 percent o women with no identi ed pelvic pathology will have persistent pain a ter hysterectomy (Hillis, 1995). After the needle is withdrawn, the core sample is removed from the needle and processed for routine H&E slide preparation. It also has a lower concentration of sulfated proteoglycans and stains less intensely than the capsular matrix. Last, cases in which no peritoneal implants are ound, but solely isolated retroperitoneal lesions are noted, implicate lymphatic spread (Moore, 1988). Secondary amenorrhea or 3 months or oligomenorrhea involving ewer than nine cycles a year is also investigated (American Society or Reproductive Medicine, 2008). Radiology 256(3):943, 2010 Levy G, Dehaene A, Laurent N, et al: An update on adenomyosis. Because of the relatively large size of the adipocyte, it is very infrequent that the nucleus of the cell is included in the plane of section of a given cell. In the initial secretory Digestive System I stage, dentin is produced first by odontoblasts. Note that the three basic types of secretions are shown in cells of the exocrine glands. These granules contain typical lysosomal enzymes similar to those found in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils. Using immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, several populations of cells have been identified. Recent studies indicate that focal adhesion proteins also serve as a common point of entry for signals resulting from stimulation of various classes of growth factor receptors. For patients who do not respond, cystoscopy coupled with short-duration, lowpressure bladder distention and ulguration o Hunner ulcers may a ord relie. These tall columnar odontoblasts have differentiated from cells of the dental papilla. Low concentration of free Ca2 within the sarcoplasmic reticulum is maintained by calsequestrin, a calcium-binding protein, which aids in the efficiency of Ca2 uptake. Sympathetic presynaptic outflow to the head comes from the thoracic region of the spinal cord. Erythema may indicate contact or allergic dermatitis or in ection, particularly ungal in ection. This is a photomicrograph of an epiphysis at higher magnification than that seen in Plate 13. In addition, unctional hypothalamic amenorrhea due to eating disorders, intensive exercise, and stress is correlated with an increase in endogenous opiate concentrations (Chap. They serve as filters of the lymph and as the principal site in which T and B lymphocytes undergo antigen-dependent proliferation and differentiation into effector lymphocytes (plasma cells and T cells) and memory B cells and T cells. The duct of the apocrine gland is similar to that of the eccrine duct; it has a narrow lumen. Electron micrograph of the wall of a venous sinus, showing a longitudinally sectioned endothelial cell (EnC). Erikson identi ed the task o this nal developmental stage o li e as one o consolidation and integration. Endometrial evaluation is reserved or those with abnormal bleeding and ollows that outlined in Chapter 8 (p.

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They participate in humoral immunity and differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells. Following these initial months, gonadotropin levels gradually decline to reach prepubertal levels by age 1 to 2 years. Speci cally, escutcheon is the term used to describe the hair pattern o the lower abdomen. Immature (woven) bone does not display an organized lamellar appearance because of the interlacing arrangement of the collagen fibers. The homologous chromosomes condense and shorten to reach their maximum thickness, the nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear envelope disintegrates. An epidermal water barrier is essential for mammalian "dry" epithelia and is responsible for maintaining body homeostasis. Thrombocytopenia (a low blood platelet count) is an important clinical problem in the management of patients with immune-system disorders and cancer. Teeth are embedded in and attached to the alveolar processes of the maxilla and mandible. For remaining cases, abdominal approach selection varies depending on myoma characteristics and surgeon skill. The recognizable presence of hemoglobin in the cell by virtue of its staining signifies its transition to the polychromatophilic erythroblast. The extracellular portions of desmocollins and desmogleins from opposing cells interact with each other in the localized area of the desmosome, forming the cadherin "zipper. The postsynaptic membrane (postsynaptic component) contains receptor sites with which the neurotransmitter interacts. In teeth with more than one cusp, pulpal horns extend into the cusps and contain large numbers of nerve fibers. Speci cally, up to 20 percent o women in whom estrogen is present will ail to bleed ollowing progesterone withdrawal (Rarick, 1990). This allows massive infiltration of monocyte-derived macrophages, which are responsible for the process of myelin removal. Associated symptoms may not be appreciated by those with preexisting color blindness. Some of the water is bound loosely enough to allow diffusion of small metabolites to and from the chondrocytes. In most of these pathways, transport is active and requires specialized energy-dependent membrane transport proteins and channels. McGovern and coworkers (1999) reviewed nearly 1000 cases o torsion and ound the rare occurrence o pulmonary embolism in only 0. Loose connective tissue is, therefore, the site of inflammatory and immune reactions. Many molecules involved in immune reactions share a common precursor element in their structure. A review o its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in chronic pain states. Oxytocin expression has also been detected in the anterior pituitary, placenta, allopian tubes, and gonads, with high expression in the corpus luteum (Williams, 1990). The actual neurobiology o orgasm is unknown, although it seems to include the mesolimbic dopamine pathways and the pudendal, pelvic, and hypogastric nerves. For example, amacrine cells of the retina have no axons, and olfactory receptors resemble neurons of primitive neural systems in that they retain a surface location and regenerate at a much slower rate than other neurons. Since stereocilia can be easily damaged by overstimulation, they have a molecular mechanism to continuously renew their structure, which needs to be maintained in proper working condition for a lifetime. Pain with anterior vagina palpation under the trigone can re ect interstitial cystitis. Connective tissue lymphocytes are the smallest of the wandering cells in the connective tissue.

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The types of globin chains present in the molecules determine the type of hemoglobin. The system of canaliculi that opens to the osteonal canal also serves for the passage of substances between the osteocytes and blood vessels. Comprehensive molecular pro ling o tumors to identi y targets or intervention is becoming more common (Frampton, 2013). J Sex Res 40(3):266, 2003 Cellek S, Moncada S: Nitrergic neurotransmission mediates the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic responses in the clitoral corpus cavernosum o the rabbit. Calmodulin, a 17 kDa Ca2 -binding protein, is related to the TnC found in skeletal muscle, which regulates the intracellular concentration of Ca2. The cross-sectioned structures marked with asterisk are another type of tubule; they are smaller in diameter but are also composed of a simple cuboidal epithelium. Stem cell maturation and differentiation into immunocompetent T cells is called thymic cell education. The "foamy" peripheral cytoplasm of the megakaryocyte represents areas in which segmentation to form platelets is occurring. Importantly, a woman is asked i the sexual dif culty is chronic or new-onset and i it persists across all situations or appears only in certain circumstances. The columnar cells, which contain elongate nuclei and possess cilia (C), extend from the surface to the basement membrane (clearly visible in the trachea as a thick, acellular, homogeneous region that is part Pseudostratified epithelium, epididymis, human, H&E 450. The pulp cavity is filled with dental pulp, and blood vessels permeate the pulp tissue. The character of the periosteum is different where ligaments and tendons attach to the bone. In the mature multinucleated muscle fiber (upper left), all nuclei are positioned in the peripheral sarcoplasm, just inside the plasma cell membrane. O these immune cells, macrophages serve as scavengers, and increased numbers are ound in the peritoneal cavity o women with endometriosis (Haney, 1981; Olive, 1985b). With time, the matrix becomes mineralized, and the interconnecting cytoplasmic processes of osteocytes are contained within canaliculi. Massive destruction of all of the epithelial structures of the skin, as in a third-degree burn or extensive full-thickness abrasion, prevents reepithelialization. The eosinophilic metamyelocyte shows an increased number of specific granules compared to the neutrophilic metamyelocyte. Immunolabeling techniques have made it possible to identify specific types of T cells and study their function. Chronic diverticular disease is usually treated with a highber diet and long-term suppressive therapy with antibiotics. The first stage of ciliary apparatus formation (ciliogenesis) in differentiating cells involves a generation of multiple centrioles. Moreover, amily therapy can be o great value to those struggling with end-o -li e issues, unctional impairments, multiple losses, and caregiver burden. Also, the cytotoxic activity o lymphocytes against autologous endometrium in a ected women is impaired (Gleicher, 1984). Therefore, understanding that brown fat can show increased radioactive tracer uptake is crucial for establishing an accurate diagnosis and avoiding false-positive results. It is useful, then, to outline briefly the kinds of bones and survey where the two kinds of bone tissue are located. Note the presence of the actin filaments in the microvilli (arrows), which extend into terminal web in the apical cytoplasm. The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta for distribution into the remainder of the body. Chondroitin sulfates and hyaluronan are fundamental components of aggrecan found in articular cartilage.